European Genomic Series · Edition III

Ancient DNA of European Populations

A reference catalogue of ancient ancestry components across contemporary European populations. Each entry lists modelled proportions derived from late-Pleistocene and Holocene archaeogenetic sources.

Population
Ancestry profile
Breakdown

Hungary

Central Europe

45.4%
42.0%
12.6%
45.4%Yamnaya42.0%Anatolian12.6%WHG

Estonia

Baltic

45.4%
28.8%
25.6%
 
45.4%Yamnaya28.8%Balto-Slavic25.6%Anatolian0.2%Siberian

Latvia

Baltic

47.6%
28.2%
24.2%
47.6%Yamnaya28.2%Balto-Slavic24.2%Anatolian

Lithuania

Baltic

47.4%
26.4%
26.2%
47.4%Yamnaya26.4%Balto-Slavic26.2%Anatolian

Moldova

Eastern Europe

44.2%
42.2%
10.8%
 
 
44.2%Yamnaya42.2%Anatolian10.8%Balto-Slavic1.6%Natufian1.2%Siberian

Bulgaria

Balkans

47.0%
38.8%
7.4%
 
 
 
47.0%Anatolian38.8%Yamnaya7.4%WHG5.2%Natufian1.2%Iran_N0.4%CHG

Slovakia

Central Europe

46.4%
36.4%
17.2%
46.4%Yamnaya36.4%Anatolian17.2%WHG

Czech Republic

Central Europe

46.2%
39.6%
14.2%
46.2%Yamnaya39.6%Anatolian14.2%WHG

Poland

Central Europe

45.2%
35.4%
19.4%
45.2%Yamnaya35.4%Balto-Slavic19.4%Anatolian

Romania

Eastern Europe

47.0%
36.6%
14.8%
 
 
 
47.0%Anatolian36.6%Yamnaya14.8%Balto-Slavic0.8%AASI0.4%CHG0.4%Kura-Araxes

Belarus

Eastern Europe

44.4%
36.4%
18.6%
 
44.4%Yamnaya36.4%Balto-Slavic18.6%Anatolian0.6%Natufian

Ukraine

Eastern Europe

45.6%
36.8%
16.2%
 
45.6%Yamnaya36.8%Balto-Slavic16.2%Anatolian1.4%Natufian

Russia

Eastern Europe

45.0%
30.4%
20.0%
 
45.0%Yamnaya30.4%Balto-Slavic20.0%Anatolian4.6%Siberian

Montenegro

Balkans

48.2%
41.4%
8.6%
 
48.2%Anatolian41.4%Yamnaya8.6%WHG1.8%Natufian

Albania

Balkans

54.2%
33.2%
 
 
 
 
54.2%Anatolian33.2%Yamnaya4.6%Natufian3.6%WHG3.0%Iran_N1.4%CHG

North Macedonia

Balkans

48.8%
37.4%
7.0%
 
 
48.8%Anatolian37.4%Yamnaya7.0%Natufian5.0%WHG1.8%Iran_N

Bosnia

Balkans

43.8%
43.6%
10.2%
 
43.8%Anatolian43.6%Yamnaya10.2%WHG2.4%Natufian

Croatia

Balkans

43.8%
43.2%
13.0%
43.8%Anatolian43.2%Yamnaya13.0%WHG

Serbia

Balkans

47.2%
41.8%
8.6%
 
47.2%Anatolian41.8%Yamnaya8.6%WHG2.4%Natufian

Slovenia

Balkans

43.8%
42.6%
13.6%
43.8%Anatolian42.6%Yamnaya13.6%WHG

Greece

Mediterranean

45.2%
28.0%
15.8%
 
 
 
45.2%Anatolian28.0%Yamnaya15.8%Natufian5.8%Iran_N4.6%CHG0.6%WHG

Iceland

Northern Europe

51.2%
32.4%
16.4%
51.2%Yamnaya32.4%Anatolian16.4%WHG

Wales

British Isles

48.0%
37.4%
14.6%
48.0%Yamnaya37.4%Anatolian14.6%WHG

Ireland

British Isles

51.6%
34.4%
14.0%
51.6%Yamnaya34.4%Anatolian14.0%WHG

Scotland

British Isles

50.4%
35.6%
14.0%
50.4%Yamnaya35.6%Anatolian14.0%WHG

England

British Isles

48.2%
37.6%
14.2%
48.2%Yamnaya37.6%Anatolian14.2%WHG

Norway

Scandinavia

50.6%
33.4%
16.0%
50.6%Yamnaya33.4%Anatolian16.0%WHG

Sweden

Scandinavia

51.0%
31.4%
17.6%
51.0%Yamnaya31.4%Anatolian17.6%WHG

Finland

Scandinavia

54.0%
21.0%
18.2%
6.8%
54.0%Yamnaya21.0%WHG18.2%Anatolian6.8%Siberian

Denmark

Scandinavia

50.2%
34.0%
15.8%
50.2%Yamnaya34.0%Anatolian15.8%WHG

Germany

Western Europe

46.4%
39.0%
14.6%
46.4%Yamnaya39.0%Anatolian14.6%WHG

Belgium

Western Europe

44.4%
43.6%
12.0%
44.4%Yamnaya43.6%Anatolian12.0%WHG

Holland

Western Europe

49.4%
36.8%
13.8%
49.4%Yamnaya36.8%Anatolian13.8%WHG

Austria

Central Europe

44.2%
43.0%
12.8%
44.2%Yamnaya43.0%Anatolian12.8%WHG

Switzerland

Western Europe

52.0%
39.6%
8.4%
52.0%Anatolian39.6%Yamnaya8.4%WHG

France

Western Europe

49.8%
37.2%
13.0%
49.8%Anatolian37.2%Yamnaya13.0%WHG

Portugal

Iberia

52.4%
33.4%
9.0%
 
52.4%Anatolian33.4%Yamnaya9.0%WHG5.2%Iberomaurusian

Spain

Iberia

53.8%
32.6%
11.4%
 
53.8%Anatolian32.6%Yamnaya11.4%WHG2.2%Iberomaurusian

Italy

Mediterranean

50.8%
34.0%
10.2%
 
 
 
50.8%Anatolian34.0%Yamnaya10.2%Natufian2.4%Iran_N2.2%WHG0.4%Iberomaurusian

Component reference

Yamnaya Steppe

Pontic-Caspian steppe pastoralists of the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age.

Anatolian Neolithic Farmer

Early European farmers expanding out of Anatolia from c. 7000 BCE.

Western Hunter-Gatherer

Indigenous Mesolithic foragers of western and central Europe.

Balto-Slavic Drift (excess WHG/EHG)

Elevated forager ancestry characteristic of Baltic and Slavic populations.

Natufian

Late Pleistocene Levantine foragers ancestral to early Near Eastern farmers.

Iranian Neolithic Farmer

Zagros highland farming populations of the early Holocene.

Caucasus Hunter-Gatherer

Upper Palaeolithic foragers of the southern Caucasus.

Kura-Araxes

Caucasus and northern Mesopotamian Early Bronze Age ancestry, marked by elevated CHG and Anatolian-related farmer admixture.

Siberian

North Eurasian ancestry entering Europe from the east.

AASI

Ancient Ancestral South Indian; trace signal in south-east Europe, notably in Romania through historical Roma mixtures.

Iberomaurusian

North African Late Pleistocene ancestry, strongest in Iberia.